It is always a good idea to have your soil tested before beginning any gardening program. A soil test will identify your soil type, pH level and any nutrient deficiencies your soil may have. Often times testing centers will make recommendations on fertilizers or soil amendments that can be used to improve the soil structure. Basic tests are conducted for a minimum charge (generally around $10 per test) and provide a substantial return on the investment. By understanding your soil type, pH and nutrient levels, you avoid purchasing unnecessary products and prevent leaching caused by over fertilization.
In most areas, the County Extension office can conduct tests. For locations without a County Extension office to provide the service, there are commercial companies that can conduct soil testing. Testing kits can also be purchased from nurseries or garden centers, but the results from these are usually less reliable.
What is Measured in a Soil Test?
A soil test will identify the type of soil you have. One of the key attributes measured by a soil test is pH level. Nutrients in the soil are most readily available at a neutral pH. A high pH level can result in nutrients becoming less available, while a low pH can cause some nutrients to reach levels toxic to certain plants. A soil test will determine the current pH level of your soil, and may make recommendations on how to correct it. A standard soil test will also measure the status of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). These are important elements in healthy soils, and should be maintained at optimum levels. Other soil characteristics that may be measured include cation exchange capacity, lime requirement, and base saturation. More detailed tests can be conducted for an additional charge. Remember, different testing facilities offer different tests, and you should always call to verify the traits they measure.
When and How Frequently Should I Test?
For established sites, it is recommended that samples be taken in the spring or fall. If you are planning a new site, test before making any changes and when the soil is workable. Recommendations on frequency vary from twice a year to once every three years. A good rule of thumb is: if plants look distressed, test your soil. Never conduct a soil test immediately after fertilizing or amending the soil, this can negate the test results.
How Do I Take Samples for Testing?
Again, recommendations on how to sample your soil for testing vary. To obtain quality test results, a good representative sample must be taken. In general, you will want to take samples from several locations. If you are only testing the soil for a flowerbed, take samples for various locations in the site. It is best to take samples when the soil is workable, meaning it is suitable for tilling or spading, and break up any large clumps. The best method for obtaining a quality sample is to request directions from the testing facility you selected.
How Long Does it Take to Receive Test Results?
The time it takes to receive your soil test results will vary depending on the testing facility you selected. On average it will take two to four weeks. Make sure all required forms are filled out completely, giving as much information as you can as to the types of plants you plan on putting in the site. Missing or incomplete information may result in delayed results or no recommendations.
What do the Soil Test Results Mean?
Interpreting your test results can be difficult. Fortunately there are numerous sources on the internet that offer assistance. You can also bring your results to a Garden-Ville store location and ask a sales associate to review them with you.
